Article 23
1. Union or Member State law to which the data controller or processor is subject may restrict by way of a legislative measure the scope of the obligations and rights provided for in Articles 12 to 22 and Article 34, as well as Article 5 in so far as its provisions correspond to the rights and obligations provided for in Articles 12 to 22, when such a restriction respects the essence of the fundamental rights and freedoms and is a necessary and proportionate measure in a democratic society to safeguard:
(a) national security;
(b) defence;
(c) public security;
(d) the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, including the safeguarding against and the prevention of threats to public security;
(e) other important objectives of general public interest of the Union or of a Member State, in particular an important economic or financial interest of the Union or of a Member State, including monetary, budgetary and taxation a matters, public health and social security;
(f) the protection of judicial independence and judicial proceedings;
(g) the prevention, investigation, detection and prosecution of breaches of ethics for regulated professions;
(h) a monitoring, inspection or regulatory function connected, even occasionally, to the exercise of official authority in the cases referred to in points (a) to (e) and (g);
(i) the protection of the data subject or the rights and freedoms of others;
(j) the enforcement of civil law claims.
2. In particular, any legislative measure referred to in paragraph 1 shall contain specific provisions at least, where relevant, as to:
(a) the purposes of the processing or categories of processing;
(b) the categories of personal data;
(c) the scope of the restrictions introduced;
(d) the safeguards to prevent abuse or unlawful access or transfer;
(e) the specification of the controller or categories of controllers;
(f) the storage periods and the applicable safeguards taking into account the nature, scope and purposes of the processing or categories of processing;
(g) the risks to the rights and freedoms of data subjects; and
(h) the right of data subjects to be informed about the restriction, unless that may be prejudicial to the purpose of the restriction.
FT v DW
National legislation adopted before the GDPR entered into force can fall within Article 23(1)(i). But Article 23(1)(i) does not allow national legislation that, to protect the controller's economic interests, makes the data subject pay for a first copy of his or her personal data being processed.
Ligue des droits humains ASBL v Conseil des ministres
Under Article 2(2)(d) and Article 23 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679, the GDPR applies to the personal-data processing envisaged by national legislation transposing Directive 2004/82, Directive 2010/65 and Directive (EU) 2016/681, as regards: (i) processing by private operators; and (ii) processing by public authorities covered, solely or in addition, by Directive 2004/82 or Directive 2010/65. It does not apply to processing envisaged by that legislation where the processing is covered only by Directive (EU) 2016/681 and is carried out by the passenger information unit (PIU) or by the authorities competent for the purposes referred to in Article 1(2) of that directive.
SIA 'SS' v Valsts ieņēmumu dienests
A Member State's tax authorities may not derogate from Article 5(1) of Regulation 2016/679 unless a legislative measure within the meaning of Article 23(1) grants them that right.